H2D H2C H2S Z-Banding & VFA Test Cylinder

This is a simple but effective diagnostic model designed to help identify Z-banding and Vertical Fine Artifacts (VFA) on FDM 3D printers.

The model consists of a tall, smooth-walled cylinder with a uniform surface and a small base for stability. Its geometry is intentionally minimal to eliminate variables and make even subtle surface inconsistencies clearly visible.

Note: please check my other model with tall cube, both tests should be performed to make sure your printer works reliably.
 

What this model helps you detect:

• Z-banding (Z-wobble): repeating horizontal patterns caused by lead screw imperfections, misalignment, or inconsistent Z motion.
• VFA (Vertical Fine Artifacts): vertical surface patterns often related to motion system issues, belt tension, stepper behavior, or extrusion inconsistencies.

Why this design works:

• Continuous vertical walls amplify periodic artifacts
• No complex features to mask defects
• Tall structure increases visibility of repeating patterns
• Uniform cross-section ensures consistent printing conditions

Recommended print settings:

• Use standard profile (no special tuning at first)
• 0.2 mm layer height (or your typical setting)
• 2–3 walls
• Minimal or no infill (not important for this test)
• Print at normal speeds to reflect real-world conditions

Tips:

• Use good lighting (side lighting works best) to inspect surface artifacts
• Compare results after mechanical adjustments (lubrication, belt tension, alignment)

• • Try different speeds and accelerations to isolate VFA sources